AP Physics Chapter 18 Study Guide
Ray Optics
The Ray Model of Light

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Light Rays travel in straight lines. |
| Light Rays can cross. | |
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A light ray travels forever unless it interacts with matter. |
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An object is a source of light rays. |
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The eye sees by focusing a bundle of rays. |
Sources of Light Rays
| A Ray Source | A Point Source | An Extended Source | A Parallel-ray Source |
|---|---|---|---|
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Reflection
Specular Reflection


Law of Reflection
Diffuse Reflection

Plane Mirror



Virtual Image

Refraction




Snell's Law


Total Internal Reflection


Critical Angle

Color and Dispersion



Rainbows


Thin Lenses: Ray Tracing

Converging Lenses
Ray Diagrams




Magnification Equation

Diverging Lenses

Image Formation with Spherical Mirrors
Concave Mirrors




Convex Mirrors












