Mr. Kalahar
- Prop/Speech
Persuasion Speech
Topic
____________________
Pro/Con and
Why:
Thesis (Main
idea and road map to paper):
Pro arguments:
Con
arguments:
Three
propaganda techniques used in speech - Explain how they will be used:
1.
2.
3.
TABOO WORDS AND PHRASES
(A.k.a. ÒThe Lame ListÓ)
Is mine
are like
can be In
conclusionÉ
may be Kind
of
seems As
I said beforeÉ
might sort
of
was Here
are three reasonsÉ
were could
of
got I
think
has been should
of
had In
my opinionÉ
been might
of
I plus
(as a conjunction)
Me bunch
(es)
My little
We Whole
lot
Us a
lot
Our good
You big
You bad
Yours ugly
Things beautiful
Stuff nice
Pretty much many
End up pretty
Something wonderful
Alright OK
Very
Essay
Organization
1.
First Paragraph: The
Introduction
1. Topic
sentence: Begin with a broad uncontroversial (factual)
statement
that introduces the topic of the essay.
2. Narrow
your focus in the second, third, and fourth
Sentences. The
purpose of these sentences is to complicate
your topic be
narrowing the topic the key ideas (literature,
characters,
themes) you will focus on in discussing your
thesis.
3. End
the introduction with your thesis statement. A thesis
statement is
one concise controversial (opinionated)
statement that
serves as the focus for your entire paper.
2. Second paragraph: Supporting example
#1
1. Begins
with a topic sentence
2. Example
topic sentence and uses a quote for support
3. Ends
with a concluding sentence that sums up the idea
3. Third
Paragraph: Supporting example #2
1. Begins
with a topic sentence
2. Explains
topic sentence and uses a quote for support
3. Ends
with a concluding sentence that sums up the idea
4.
Fourth Paragraph: Supporting example #3
1. Begins
with a topic sentence
2. Explains
topics sentence and uses a quote for support
3. Ends
with a concluding sentence that sums up the idea
5. Fifth
Paragraph: The conclusion
á
Use this paragraph to revisit (not restate) your thesis.
á
Options for the paragraph
1. Why
is your topic or thesis important?
Why are the ideas contained in the piece of literature significant?
2. Expand
your ideas and make speculate observations concerning your subject.
3.
Put the theme in a familiar or modern context or relate an issue to your own
personal experience.
4. Leave
your reader thinking.
Your
Name Goes Here
English
Period x
Date
Goes Here
Final Draft Format: The
Example to follow
This is the format you need to use
whenever you prepare a final draft you turn in.
make sure you have the proper heading in the upper
right-hand corner. Also, always
include an original title and always double-space your typed
work. If a title page is
required, be sure to refer to the format provided elsewhere
in the guide.
Always
try to make your final draft look as neat as possible. If you have a lot of
fonts available to you please do not use a fancy or cute
one. Stick to standard 12 point
fonts such as Arial, Times, or Times New Roman.
Finally,
when you need to integrate a quote from reading, use a proper citation.
for most assignments in this class you will only need to
provide the page number at the
end of the citation.
For example, Atticus Finch
does not gloat about his skill as a
marksman because, as Miss Maudie says, Òpeople in their
right minds never take pride
in their talentsÓ (98).
If
you have any questions about formatting, be sure to get them answered
before
the assignment is due.
TRANSITIONS
The following list
contains some useful transitional expression and conjunctions
notice the specific reasons for introduction certain words
into your sentences. Keep this
list handy when you draft a piece of writing.
Addition
in
addition, besides, moreover, further, furthermore.
Comparison similarly, likewise, in
like manner, by comparison, compared to.
Contrast but,
however, yet, still, nevertheless, on the one hand
Emphasis in
fact, indeed, in truth, certainly, definitely
Exception yes,
still, however, nevertheless, in spite of
Place near,
beyond, opposite to, adjacent to, at the same place
Purpose for
this purpose, in order that, in this way, since, so that
Repetition in
other words, that is to say, as I have said, again once again
Result accordingly,
thus, consequently, hence, therefore
Sequence first,
second, third, next, then,
Summary
in brief, on the whole, in sum, to sum up, to conclude
Time at
once, immediately, in the meantime, at the same time, in the end
Essay Organization: The process
Prewriting
process
I.
Identify topic
1.
Assigned?
2.
Brainstorming
3.
Process of elimination
4.
Which do you find most interesting?
Drafting
I.
Write topic sentence (rough copy)
II.
Write thesis statement (rough copy)
III.
Draft introduction
1. Begin with topic sentence
2. Narrow focus to thesis statement
3. Narrow to literature
4. Narrow to the literary work(s) you are using
5. Narrow to the character(s), motif, or idea in the literature
6. Thesis statement
IV.
Draft body (supporting paragraph)
1.
Begin with topic sentence
2.
Explain topic sentence and use a quote for support
3.
Sum up with a concluding sentence
4.
DonÕt forget to use transitions
V.
Drafting Conclusion
1.
Revisit thesis statement (donÕt restate)
2.
Options
(1) Expand your
ideas and make speculative observations
(2) Put the
ideas in a familiar or modern context
(3) Leave your
reader thinking
Publishing
I.
Edit / Revise / Repeat
1.
Use your editing resources
II.
Write the final draft
1. See editing guidelines
Editing Checklist
PURPOSE AND INFORMATION
á Thesis
statement clear and easily identified
á Uses
relevant examples that relate to and develop the thesis statement
á Included
author and title in introduction
á Correct
use of quoted material
á Effective
conclusion
ORGANIZATION
á Introduction
clearly developed
á Provides
a beginning, middle, and end
á Connects
ideas with suitable transitions
á Has
a minimum of five paragraphs
USE OF LANGUAGE
á Uses
active verbs (minimizes use of Òto beÓ verbs)
á Chooses
words precisely
á Uses
a variety of words to express ideas
á Uses
formal language
á Shows
vocabulary development
á Uses
the appropriate tense
á Uses
third person in writing about literature
á Spell
numbers under one hundred
SENTENCE SKILLS
á Writes
in complete sentences
á Clear
sentences structure
á Integrates
quotations properly
á Varies
sentence lengths, forms, and openings
CONVENTIONS
á Capitalizes
words appropriately
á Uses
punctuation correctly
á Underlines
or italicizes book titles
á Includes
correct citations
PRESNTATION AND LEGIBILITY
á Types,
double spaces
á Uses
standard 12 point font
á Includes
title page (if required)
Name______________
Mr. Kalahar
Peer Edit Form
A
peer edit is a quick and easy way to see if a paper reads well and is accepted
by the audience. It is also a
great way to catch little errors before the ÒbigÓ paper is due. Please fill out
the following items while reading someoneÕs paper in the class.
- Rewrite their thesis É
- List any background information
provided in the intro paragraph that sets the time period up for the
reader.
- List the topics from each of the topic
sentences for each body paragraph.
1. ___________
2. ___________
3. ___________
4. ___________
5. ___________
6. ___________
- Make sure each body paragraph has five
sentences, a topic sentence, factual information, explanation, and a
transition.
1.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
2.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
3.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
4.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
5.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
6.
Topic ____
Facts ____ Explanation ____ Transition _____
- ConclusionÉ
á Did the writer restate their thesis? _____
á Did they summarize each body paragraph?
______
á Did they answer the Òso whatÓ question?
_____
- Check bibliography
á Two citations
á Formatting (author, title, city of
publication, publisher, and date)
á Periods
Welfare Reform in
the 1990s
Sally Springer
Mr. Kalahar
Period 6
Wenatchee High School
May 1, 2002
Parenthetical
References
The MLA
Handbook for Writers of Research Papers suggests giving credit in the body of your research papers
rather than in footnotes or endnotes as in many Social Sciences. IN order to do
this, simply insert the appropriate information (usually author and page
number) in parentheses after the words or ideas borrowed from another source
(Sebranek 185).
At the manÕs feet
is a sign that reads: ÒWonÕt you help me? IÕm cold and homeless and lonely. God
bless youÓ (Chambers 11).
Keep two points in
mind when citing sources: First, indicate as precisely as you can where you
found this information. Second, make sure all your sources are listed in the
Works Cited or Bibliography section of your paper (Sebranek 185).
Author in Text
Bullough writes
that genetic engineering was dubbed ÒeugenicsÓ by a cousin of DarwinÕs, Sir
Francis Galton, in 1885 (5).
Two Authors
Students learned
more than a full yearÕs Spanish in ten days using the complete supermemory
method (Ostrander and Schroeder 51).
Without Author
in Text
Genetic
engineering was dubbed ÒeugenicsÓ by a cousin of DarwinÕs, Sir Francis Galton,
in 1885 (Bullough 5).
Things to
rememberÉ
- You need to cite direct quotes
- You need to cite uncommon phrases and
words
- You must cite items that usually
appear in quotation marks besides direct quotes
- You
need to cite any technical jargon
Bibliography: Used to give credit to the sources where you
gained information for your research paper. List everything you looked at in this section: books,
encyclopedia, magazines, papers, journals, microfilm, etc.
Bibliography
Book - one author
Bauer, Edward. The
Maya and Their Religion. New
York: University of New York Press, 1996.
Book - two authors
Cook, Robin L., and Lawrence M. Signor. The Revolutionary War. San Francisco: WH Freeman
Inc., 1998.
Reference book - signed
Diller, Roger.
ÒIncasÓ The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 1993.
Magazine Article
Fallman, Eugene. ÒThe Life and Times of Teddy Roosevelt.Ó History
Journal, 15 March 1995.
Internet Site
ÒIn the Life of Cortez,Ó http://www.history_cortes.edu, 12 March
1997.
Things To Remember...
- Alphabetic order
-
Bibliographies always come after the endnotes
-
Indent from the second line on
